Material & Methods

Study site

The study was developed in the Osa Peninsula (Costa Rica), concretely in Piro beach.

Map with the location of Piro Biological Station (Osa Conservation) in Osa Peninsula, Costa Rica. The three trails to Piro beach (yellow line) and the length of Piro beach and Pejeperro beach (red lines).

Marking non-protected nests

First of all, 10 Olive Ridley nests were marked and left without predator-excluder systems. This was done during the night, when sea turtles emerge from the water and lay the eggs. Whenever a turtle was sighted aiming to nest, I would observe and count the number of eggs laid. Finally, we would mark the nest in order to locate it during the incubation period.

Counting the eggs laid by the Olive Ridley sea turtle.

Relocating nests with predator-excluder systems

During morning census, 50 nests were relocated with the predator-excluder system (PES) in a safer site at the beach (where it would be less likely to get flooded or exposed by beach erosion).

(A) Predator-excluder system (PES) with the relocated eggs inside, (B) Sowing the top of the PES with string to keep the eggs safe from predators, (C) PES completely covered and marked with a stick to help keep track of the nest during the whole incubation period.

The environmental variables assessed in every relocated nest were:

  • Beach zone where the nest was relocated: Open (always sun) or Border (sometimes sun, sometimes shade)
  • Depth of the nest
  • Time of relocation
  • Time exposed (time the eggs spent unburied)

Nests’ exhumations

During the 50 days of incubation period of the nests, we monitored all the nests (both protected and not protected) to check whether they were predated or not.

40 days after relocation, the tops of the predator-excluder systems were removed to allow the hatchlings to emerge by themselves.

50 days after relocation, all the content of all nests was taken out to do the hatching success assessment.

Hatching success was calculated as the number of eggshells (i.e. hatched eggs) divided by the total number of eggs.